Wall structure



April 7, v F. M. HARTFORD I 1,799,979

WALL STRUCTURE Filed Dec; 2, 1929 Fig. 5 Fly. 4

Fmrzk Mbhrtfond INVENTOR.

Patented Apr. 7, 1931 UNITED. STAT-ES FRANK PATENT OFFICE M. HAIR/131F031), OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE. HARROP CERAMIC SERVICE COMPANY, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, A CORPORJL'IION OF OHIO WAIL STRUCTURE Application filed December 2, 1929. Serial No. 410,925.

This invention relates to wall structures. It has to do particularly with wallstructures for furnaces, ovens or kilns. V

In the past, one of the common difficulties arising in the use of walls or linings for ovens, furnaces or kilns has been the tendency of such walls to lean or be drawn in toward the higher temperaturezone. Under these con ditions, the wall or lining has sometimes been drawn in as a whole or, sometimes, an upper portion of the wall may be separated from the portion of the wall therebeneath and the lower portion drawn in toward the higher temperature. 5

One of theobjects of my invention consists in the provision of a wall of such inherent structure that danger of displacement of portions of the-wall or separation alonghorizontal joints and particularly of the upper part thereof will be greatly minimized, either as to the wall as a whole or to the lining ofthe wall. In other words, it is my object to provide a wall structure or, at" least, a portion thereof which is so bonded together as to form a substantially unitary structure with a high resistance to breakage or displacement. Another object of my invention has to do with the provision of a wall structure which, in addition to being so bonded as to produce a unitary structure with a high resistance to separation, with associated wall or roof structure as will ensure against any material tendency toward leaning in of the wall or parts thereof toward the places of higher temperature.

My invention particularly contemplates the provision of a masonry wall structure or liningtherefor; which is adequately bonded so as to prevent separationalong horizontal joints, as well as alongvertical joints. In the furtherance of the objects of my invention, this inherent structure of my wall or lining therefor preferably contemplates the pro vision of vertical bonding elements for the wall or lining which are disposed in such relation to the horizontal courses of the brick structure as to preclude their lateral displacement and leaningof the wall, or partsthereof. Furthermore, my vertical bonding elements are preferably of 'such different lengths or has such an interlocking relation disposed in such staggered relation as will preclude the complete alignment of these bonding elements with consequent weakness, due to alignment of the joints between the blocks which desirably make up each bonding element.

My invention preferably further contemplates the provision of vertical bonding elements which project into interlocking rela tion with associated wall or roof structures. For instance, under certain conditions of operation, I preferably dispose mybonding elements in such a way in the wall structure of a furnace, oven or kiln that, at least, certain of them will project into interlocking relation with a portion of the roof of such a structure. This interlocking relation is preferably such that the roof or associated wall structure will cooperate with the bonding elements to preclude leaning of the wall or lining orparts thereof. In this connection, however, it will be understood that after the upper portion of the wall is adequately bonded to produce a substantially unitary structure, the interlocking relation need not be directly with the vertical bonding elements but may be effected between the roof structure and the upper part of the wall as a whole or with parts thereof other than the vertical bonding elements.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings wherein my bonding elements are shown applied to the lining of the kiln and wherein:

Figure 1 is an outside elevation of a kiln structure in which my wall structure is embodied.

Figure 2 is a. section taken on line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section taken on line L- of Figure 1.-

Figure 5 is a horizontal section taken on line 55 of Figure 6. V

Figure 6 is an inside elevation of my wall structure with the skew blocks mounted thereon.

Figure 7 isa horizontal section taken on the line 7'--7 of Figure 3.

In the drawings, my wall structure which may be either the main wall or the lining therefor, is shown as comprising a series of superimposed horizontal courses of brick. In the form shown, the stretcher bricks are designated 1 and the header bricks are designated 2. However, the particular arrangement of these bricks is not important except that they should be arranged to produce a wall structure which is thoroughly bonded horizontally both transversely and longitudinally.

The vertical bonding elements are designated 3, 4-: and 5 and are preferably built into the wall structure adjacent the top thereof. They comprise a series of blocks which may be of the same material as the blocks or bricks making up the horizontal courses of the wall structure. However, these blocks are neferably of greater depth than the depth of the bricks or blocks forming the horizontal courses and, in the form shown, they are approximately twice the depth of the bricks which form the horizontal courses.

As illustrated in the drawings, it is also preferable that the joints between the superimposed blocks of one vertical bonding element never be in horizontal. alignment with joints between the blocks of the bonding element immediately on either side thereof. Likewise, the blocks which make up the various bonding elements utilized by me are so disposed in the wall that the joints between such blocks are out of alignment with the joints between the horizontal portions of the wall.

By reference to Figures 2 and 3, it will be seen that I preferably dispose the ver tical bonding elements midway between the outside and the inside surfaces of the wall which they reenforce.

The wall structure thus far described is an unusually strong one. In addition to the horizontal bonding action resulting from the method of placing the bricks in the horizontal courses, the strength of the wall is very greatly enhanced by the vertical bonding elements which have been described. It offers separation of parts of the wall at horizontal joints and results in a unitary structure which is particularly effective in connection with the interlocking feature now to be described.

In addition to this resistance to separation which I have attained by the combined horizontal and vertical bonding of the wall thus far described, I have so constructed my'wall at the top thereof and the skew blocks or other abutting blocks of the roof structure that there is an interlocking relation between this upper bonded edge of the wall and the roof structure. This interlocking relation is not only such as to permit the freedom of movement necessary under the expansion and contraction resulting from the varying temperature conditions, but it is such as to effectively cause the roof structure to resist any tendency of the upper portion of the wall to lean or draw inwardly in response to high temperatures within the oven, furnace or kiln.

I have illustrated one manner of accomplishing this interlocking relation between a wall constructed in accordance with my invention and the roof of a furnace, oven or kiln. This is best shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5.

By comparing the skew block shown in Figures 2 and 3 with the skew block shown in Figure 4, it will be apparent that two types of skew blocks are used in this embodiment of my invention. For example, the skew blocks 7 which are directly above my vertical bonding elements are provided with down wardly extending legs 8 which occupy the space that would otherwise be occupied by a brick on the upper inner edge of the wall structure. In this position, they depend downwardly into the path of any possible inward movement of the wall or lining such as would occur in the leaning in or drawing in of the wall or lining in response to high temperature conditions. In other words, they overlap the upper ends of the vertical bonding element and the uppermost horizontal courses of the wall so as to produce an interlocking relation with the upper part of the wall.

As shown in Figures 4 and 6, the skew blocks 9 are of normal form and do not have the depending projectionssuch as shown at 8 on the skew block 7. The roof 10 of the furnace may be of usual form and rests upon the inner beveled surfaces of the skew blocks in the usual manner.

With this structure, the skew blocks with the roof supported thereby will be free to rise upon the wall structure in response to temperature changes, or the wall may settle away from the skew blocks. However, the interlocking relation described is such that, while permitting this relative movement, the wall or lining will be adequately restrained from leaning in or drai'ving in as a result of temperature conditions, whether this leaning in be at the uppermost edge of the wall or somewhat below this uppermost edge.

The blocks or bricks in each course are so arrangedthat the vertical joints between such blocks or bricks do not coincide with the vertical joints in the courses either directly below or directly above. Thus, there is provided a wall structure whose joints are broken in a manner to ensure that this wall structure is thoroughly bonded horizontally, both transversely and longitudinally.

The word staggered as used in the claims is intended to include a broken joint construction such as described in this specification and shown in the drawings, applying in some cases to the joints of the horizontal courses and in other cases to the joints of the vertical bonding elements, as related to each other or as related to the oints in the horizontal courses. It will be understood that, wherever the. term blocks is used in the claims, it is intended to include bricks or the equivalent.

It will be seen that I have provided a novel type of wall or lining structure which is bonded so effectually that it becomes a sub stantially unitary structure, particularly in its upper portions. The structure is inherently such that practically all danger of separation of parts of the wall at horizontal joints is obviated. In addition, the relative construction of my wall and of the root is such as to effect an interlocking relation therehetween that will eliectually preclude leaning in or drawing in of the wall or lining while, at the same time, permitting relative vertical movement to any extent.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, the respective courses comprising blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, and spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall of such size as to overlap the joints betweena plurality of courses, to bond against lateral movement of any part of said upper portion.

2. A composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, each course comprising a row of stretcher blocks and a row of header blocks, all of the blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, and spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall of such size as to overlap joints between a plurality of courses to bond said upper portion again-st lateral distortion. 7 1

3. A composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, each course comprising a row of stretcher blocks and a row of header blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, and spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall, comprising blocks of a depth greater than that of the first mentioned blocks and placed so the joints between the blocks of said vertical bonding elements are staggered with relation to the joints be tween said courses.

4:. A composite wall structure comprising aplurality of superimposed courses of blocks, each course comprising a row of stretcher blocks and a row'of header blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in eachdirection to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, and spaced vertical bonding elements arrangedv in the upper portion of said wall, each vertical bonding element comprising a plurality of blocks, said vertical bonding elements having the joints between the blocks comprising said vertical bonding elements staggered with relation to the joints between said courses, the joints between the blocks of each vertica bonding element being staggered with relation to the joints between the blocks of the next adjacent bonding elements.

5; A composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, the-respective courses comprising blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said'wall of such size as to overlap the joints between a plurality 01 courses to bond against lateral movement of any part of said upper portion, and skew blocks having'a depending portion disposed in interlocking relation with said upper portion of said wall.

6. In combination, a composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, the respective courses comprising blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall of such size as to overlap the joints between a plurality of courses to bond against lateral movement of any part of said upper portion, skew blocks mounted upon and in proper relation to said wall structure, said skew blocks having downwardly depending portions disposed in interlocking relation with said upper portion of said wall, and a roof structure supported by said skew blocks.

7. In combination, a composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, the respective courses comprising blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction tothereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall of such size as to overlap the joints between a plurality of courses to bond against lateral movement of any part of said upper portion, skew blocks mounted upon and in proper relation to said wall structure, said skew blocks having downwardly depending portions disposed in such interlocking relation with said upper portion of said wall structure as to permit adequate freedom of relative vertical movem'ent under expansion or contraction, and a roof structure supported by said skew blocks.

8. In combination, a composite wall structure comprising a plurality of superimposed courses of blocks, the respective courses comprising blocks laid with their joints staggered with relation to each other in each direction to thereby form a wall which is bonded both longitudinally and transversely in horizontal planes, spaced vertical bonding elements disposed in the upper portion of said wall of such size as to overlap the joints between a plurality of courses to bond against lateral movement of any part of said upper portion, skew blocks mounted upon and in proper relation to said wall structure, said skew blocks comprising a main body portion, and a portion integrally formed upon the inner lower surface thereof, said depending portion interlocking with said wall structure in such a manner as to preclude inward movement of said wall structure and yet permit adequate freedom of relative vertical movement under expansion or contraction, and a roof structure supported by said skew blocks.

In testimony whereof I hereby afiix my signature.

FRANK M. HARTFORD. 

